了解更多关于pfa及其化合物家族的信息
We want you to be informed about your drinking water quality. The 美国环境保护署(EPA) recently established standards for the pfa family of compounds that you should be aware of.
什么是pfa(全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质)?
pfa are manmade chemicals that have been widely used in industry and consumer products ranging from water-repellent textiles to firefighting foam. These chemicals can accumulate over time and have been found in both the environment and the human body. They do not break down easily in the environment or the human body and are sometimes called “forever chemicals”. pfa, 包括PFHxS, have now been found in trace amounts throughout the environment in air, 土壤, 沉积物, 和降水, 在河里也一样, 湖泊, 海洋, 和地下水.
目前的饮用水标准是什么?
4月10日, 2024, 环保署宣布并建立了第一个全国性的, legally enforceable drinking water standards to protect communities from pfa in their drinking water.
EPA finalized a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) establishing legally enforceable levels, 称为最大污染物水平(MCLs), 饮用水中含有六种pfa. 全氟辛酸及其盐类(PFOA), 卵圆孔未闭, PFHxS, PFNA, 和HFPO-DA作为污染物，具有单个mcl, 以及含有至少两种或两种以上PFHxS的pfa混合物, PFNA, HFPO-DA, and PFBS using a Hazard Index MCL to account for the combined and co-occurring levels of these pfa in drinking water. EPA也最终确定了基于健康的, non-enforceable Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) for these pfa.
最终规则要求:
- Public water systems must monitor for these pfa and have three years to complete initial monitoring (by 2027), 然后是持续的遵从性监控. Water systems must also provide the public with information on the levels of these pfa in their drinking water beginning in 2027.
- Public water systems have five years (by 2029) to implement solutions that reduce these pfa if monitoring shows that drinking water levels exceed these MCLs.
- 五年后(2029年)开始, public water systems that have pfa in drinking water which violates one or more of these MCLs must take action to reduce levels of these pfa in their drinking water and must provide notification to the public of the violation.
在平台登录的水中发现了多少含量的pfa?
这是平台登录严格的水质检测协议的一部分, San Jose Water (SJW) has been proactively testing all active wells throughout our service area to identify how our system may be impacted by pfa. 自2019年以来，平台登录已经收集了超过16,000个pfa样本. pfa test results are available in our Consumer Confidence Report at lmzf.net/ccr.
pfa如何影响我的健康?
Some scientific studies suggest that certain pfa may affect different systems in the body. 疾病控制中心(CDC) 国家环境卫生登记中心 (ATSDR) are working with various partners to better understand how exposure to pfa might affect people’s health — especially how exposure to pfa in water and food may be harmful.
SJW在解决pfa方面做了什么?
根据平台登录监测过程中收集的数据, SJW has successfully completed an evaluation of treatment methods to remove pfa at two of the most impacted well fields. These studies looked at all of the treatment options for removing PFHxS from drinking water, 包括活性炭, 反渗透, 离子交换, 和纳滤. 利用从这项研究中获得的信息, SJW began designing our first treatment facility in Spring 2023. The design is expected to be completed at the end of 2024 with construction expected to begin in the near future.
家用过滤器能去除饮用水中的pfa吗?
There are a few options on the market that can be used for treatment. These include filter cartridges, under sink filters, and 反渗透 units. The 国家卫生基金会 certifies water filters that reduce pfa in drinking water. When looking for a point-of-use filter or a home treatment system, check the 国家卫生基金会 网站 以确保它被认证可以去除这些污染物.
在清理地下水供应方面正在做些什么?
SJW and Valley Water have been working closely with engineers and geologists from the San Francisco Bay Regional 水的质量 Control Board to identify sites in the region that could be potential contributors to pfa contamination. Once identified, further in-depth studies and, ultimately, cleanup of these locations will commence.
我应该喝水吗?
It is important for you to know that your water continues to meet all state and federal drinking water standards. Researchers across the country are working to find out more about pfa (and its family of contaminants) and its effect on people and the environment, 以及如何从饮用水中去除它.
在哪里可以检测我体内是否有pfa?
Consult your medical professional to determine whether to test for these chemicals.
我怎样才能减少接触pfa?
pfa are present at low levels in some food products and in the environment (air, water, 土壤, etc.), meaning it is quite difficult to avoid pfa exposure altogether. 然而, 如果你住在已知的pfa污染源附近, 你可以采取措施降低暴露的风险.
- Check for contaminant advisories on water bodies where you fish:
- Follow advisories which communicate stopping or limiting eating fish from waters contaminated with pfa or other compounds.
- 阅读消费品标签，避免使用含有pfa的产品.
- Some home treatment devices such as carbon filters may further improve water quality at your tap. When looking for a point-of-use filter or a home treatment system, a good resource is the 国家卫生基金会网站 以确保它被认证可以去除这些污染物.
我应该喝瓶装水来避免pfa吗?
Bottled water manufacturers are not subject to the same testing requirements as drinking water utilities. Please contact bottled water producers directly for information about any pfa questions you may have.
我怎么知道我喝的水是否含有pfa?
All water quality data is published in our annual Consumer Confidence Report.
我在哪里可以找到更多关于pfa的信息?
- 美国环境保护署(EPA)
- 平台登录部门. 卫生与公众服务部 疾病控制中心
*部分内容的来源: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov / PFAS /资源/ PFASs-faqs.html
